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  • These are really interesting comments on complexity, mathis.

    I think a point that deserves to be added to this discussion is that of the temporal arrangement of harmony. Because whether the chords, or harmonic structures (or whatever you want to call them), are complex in and of themselves really means very little to me. What concerns me is how they are arranged in time. This is where I find the vast majority of contemporary music, whether written for the concert hall or cinema, to be dreadfully dull. I don't think that two alternate spellings of a twelve-note chord following one another in succession are necessarily any more complex than a perfect cadence, except perhaps acoustically...
    Maybe what I mean to say is that there's a difference between complexity and complication(?)

    In "tonal" works, or works using functional harmony, I think the least sufficiently explored area is that of harmonic rhythm. In non-tonal works it's the fear of cadential gestures arising from the inherent narrowness implied by the task of trying to avoid functional relations between adjacent harmonic structures. In the former, every question seems to be answered with a "yes", while in the latter the same question must be answered with a "no" (if that makes any sense). But I think that in both cases the solution lies in the way a composers extends harmony over time. This, to me, is one of the most difficult aspects of composition. And I think the problem is being felt in all walks of musical life, from hip-hop to "high art" (very much in quotes). Not coincidentally, the result seems to have become a rejuvinated interest in drone. I hear drone everywhere, lately, and it's really quite exciting to me! Mind you, I don't think it's a solution, so much as an escape, but it is interesting that this form, which is perhaps the oldest of musical structures, has made such a triumphant return. Anyway, my position is that harmonic progression ("chord progression") needs a *serious* revision, or perhaps a serious visionary, to make it a productive form for contemporary expression again.

    Evan. I hear what you're saying about "it not being about the music". This was also the case with much of what Cage did... Conceptual Art was big at the time, so it makes sense that there would be extra-musical interests and ideas involved. But, at least with Glass, it's the above ideas around harmony that render his music painfully dull to me... it's not the repetition, or any simplistic notion of complexity. The harmony, it's temporal structure as a sequence of chords, is totally banal, to me. And I understand that this is part of the (original) point, but I think that "point" only had power in the time that it was first made. Today, it's lost its relevance, and it needs something more -- something strictly musical to rejuvinate its power. I mean, I love a good deal of contemporary "electronica", and find it much more interesting, though it is largely drone-based, and tends to have a focus on colour, not harmony or melody. This music could even be said to be formally inspired by Glass, though i would argue that its form is tied much more closely to its mode of production (synthesis, software sequencing programs, etc.), than to the work of any particular school of composition.

    Anyway, that's enough from me...

    J.

  • The greatest harmonic complexity ever achieved was at the very end of the post Romantic era, when perceived harmonic structure and movement were being pushed to the ultimate limits by late Mahler and early Schoenberg. Even though an harmonic analysis of later works could reveal theoretical complexities beyond these, they are not heard. In fact, most modern music that is more "complex" is perceived in a very simple way, because the prior language has been discarded. And of course there was an extreme reaction against the increasing complexity of late 19th - early 20th century music, which gave birth to neo-classicism.

    So anyway I agree completely with Mathis's statement that greater complexity does not result in better music. On the other hand pure simplicity does not either. I didn't earlier mean to reject all of minimalism, and Mathis is correct in pointing out how Glass has co-opted Reich and Riley and other far more artistic minimalists for one simple reason - money.

    Also JBM has a point in mentioning how much of modern music is an attempt at avoidance. Almost desperate at times, in attempting to avoid straying anywhere near the deadly precipice of...


    TONALITY

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    @mathis said:

    B.t.w., Evan, OK, understood the differenciation between inventor and innovator. But still I have doubts calling Glass an innovator. I would prefer calling him an exploiter.
    Ok, but I put Apple computer right in there with him as an expoiter then. Those jerks. All leeching off the concept of the transistor.

    Evan Evans

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    @jbm said:

    Evan. I hear what you're saying about "it not being about the music". This was also the case with much of what Cage did... Conceptual Art was big at the time, so it makes sense that there would be extra-musical interests and ideas involved. But, at least with Glass, it's the above ideas around harmony that render his music painfully dull to me...
    Have you heard more than a few hundred works of his? I DON'T THINK SO. You sound like someone who thinks Farhenheit 9/11 is the worst most evil movie ever made AND HAVEN'T EVEN SEEN IT. Lol.

    Look, just because you don't like Glass, doesn't mean you know he hasn't written anything that A: You would LIKE, and B: Would Blow Your Mind. I understand where everyone is coming from because most of his music is terribly horrid, ESPECIALLY to people who understand music (which is a handicap in my opinion, that I do not have), but like I said, in there are some gems, and in those gems are some things that are beyond masterpieces, they are beyond our time, and awestriking. Everyone dog has his day, and Philip Glass has hit some real strides historically, even if it is from a few selections of virtually unknown works of his. But, they are there.

    Evan Evans

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    @dcoscina said:

    Williams' themes aren't to hard either but he composes/orchestrates vertically
    Oh my god! Are you serious? You cannot compose vertically. Period. The more vertical one is, the less composing they are doing, just by sheer logic alone.

    Anyone who thinks that working vertically is a step in the right direction is 100% thinking the wrong way about composition. I find this comes from jazz heads and "harmonists" especially. One thing that my own father was doing with his music was writing multi-melodically. Very few people know that about him. But he DEPLORED vertical thinking. When he played he had multiple melodic lines moving in contrast with each other.

    Good lord, I take such offense at any linking of composing to the vertical. Composing is NOT about the vertical. It's all about the horizontal. Melody and chords, does not make one an orchestral composer. Even if you orchestrate your melody and chords for orchestra, you still have not done ORCHESTRAL COMPOSING, you've just done songwriting and put some color on it (ie: John Williams).

    Anyway, I ama bit flustered from this comment as you can tell, and I cannot even get my head straight cause I am a wee bit tired. I'l like to intelligently debate this, but it didn't quite come out that way, and I kind of LOST MY TRAIN OF THOUGHT. ROFL. Whew am I tired.

    [:)]

    Evan Evans

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    @mathis said:

    The more you add additionals the more similar will be the perception of two chords.
    Absolutely. That is it in a nutshell. Well said Mathis. That is truly one of the simplest and hardest things to master in composition. If you give a new composer the full orchestra, they are going to use it all way to much. It'll be tiresome on the ears, intellectual, and forced. Jerry Goldsmith in his later years ... well, just check out a score like HOLLOW MAN or BASIC INSTINCT. In it you'll find someone who uses the full orchestra reservedly, even for huge stretches of film, and then he leaps at you like a flock of peacocks. Weird analogy, but if you saw a bunch of peacocks running towards you I think you'd be afraid both of the grandness and the complexity of what was approaching, and that's the same with jerry. BTW, if you haven't experienced a peacock charging at you, you haven't experienced life yet! [:D]

    Evan Evans

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    @Another User said:

    Ok, but I put Apple computer right in there with him as an expoiter then. Those jerks. All leeching off the concept of the transistor.


    Well, this analogy doesn´t work. Apple computers and transistors are like Steve Reich and a marimba wood bar.


    Please be more specific about Glass masterpieces. I´m really curious now.

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    @evanevans said:

    Oh my god! Are you serious? You cannot compose vertically. Period. The more vertical one is, the less composing they are doing, just by sheer logic alone.


    Oh come now Evan, it's not all that bad. What I meant is that some people achieve harmony through building lines upon lines. Others have an overall harmonic scheme that they fit their counterpoint into. I compose with the latter in mind. I feel that the harmonic framework is the skeleton of a diatonic piece I'm writing and thus I need to know where it's going. Like taking a road map along for a trip.

    Yes, this does stem from being involved with jazz. Sorry if that goes against your compositional beliefs but that's how I do things.

  • Evan,

    Quite right, I haven't heard "more than a few hundred works" by Glass! But I doubt I've heard that many works by any composer. The point is that the works I have heard have showed essentially the same banality, and in the same area: harmony. So it's just logical, as you would likely say, for me to assume that this is his greatest weakness. In my small (probably insignificant) opinion, his works are less than interesting harmonically. That's it. And this is, unfortunately, a staggering weakness. If I were to try to state it as plainly as possible, it seems to me he's thought of everything except THAT. And the point about Farhenheit 9/11 is just silly -- it doesn't even stand as a sane analogy. You're only attempting to insult me now... with little success, I might add. Give me a specific work demonstrating his mind-boggling brilliance, and an intelligent appraisal of what I'm missing (not just a psychophantic monologue) and I'll try again. I must admit, though, that most of my irritation has been caused by his more recent works, like the violin concerto. These have shown an almost embarassing formal/harmonic blandness...
    Also, don't be so pedantic about "vertical" and "horizontal" composition. You know what dcoscina meant... (or at least you should, with your level of knowledge)... again, it seems you're just being kind of rude.

    Willam. That's a good point about harmonic complexity at the end of the Romantic era. What about today? What possibilities do we have? Any thoughts on my other points about harmony and time, or about drone? Please, let's not make this another trivial battle of tonality versus non-tonality (I won't use the term atonality, since it makes absolutely no sense). As I said before, neither seems to provide a sufficient solution in and of itself. There's a little fascist in every functional cadence, just as there is a monomania behind the endless pattern of avoidance you mentioned. But is there a middle-ground? It's interesting, to me, that very little has been said about the function of harmony, formally, over time -- it was the basis for 18th and 19th century form, but since then little has been done to bring *that* idea forward. Certainly, the abandonment of tonality altogether is not (was not?) the answer. But what has been done to move tonality itself forward, at least as it relates to larger harmonic structures, or even to the smaller, more immediately perceptible ones?

    Perhaps tying things back into the earlier discussion, it seems to me that jazz has done the most to move functional harmony forward in the 20th century. So what can we do now? Personally, I try to mix and mess with both tonality and non-tonality. One time I may try to subvert the tonal drive by temporally postponing harmonic resolutions, sometimes to the extent that the resolution is skipped altogether. Whereas another time I may work to draw a tonal relationship between seemingly unrelated harmonic areas. But from all this, I can't say that I've really found any sort of new 'technique' that I can rely on... I feel like things are starting to shift in my music, but I'm not too clear on which way they're shifting. It would be interesting to hear some different opinions on this subject. Anybody?

    J.

  • It is perfectly fine to compose "vertical" music.

    I am very interested in that approach right now. Another person who has been similarly interested is Gyorgy Ligetti.

    Creating sound structures of purely vertical dimension is as valid as purely contrapuntal, "horizontal" music. Counterpoint is a traditional approach to music, and has an assumed validity as a result. But nothing is necessary and nothing is required - except to create interesting sound in music.

  • JBM

    I have my own bad reaction to Glass partly as a result of the appalling, stupid banality of several works I've heard - major works. My reaction is, if a person could create something so pretentious, insulting and just plain bad as his opera, or his sabotage of Cocteau (done posthumously - when no one can protest) how can you accept anything else? If someone is a murderer, does it matter that they also regularly bathe?

    I also am interested in what you are talking about with drones, and tonality vs. atonality - an historical distinction no longer appropriate. You are absolutely right about jazz - it is one of the few purely modern forms that has done something unthinkable in the past, but instantly meaningful. However, where that puts the art of music in general I have no idea. One thing I am keenly interested in right now is microtonalism, though I am just beginning to experiment with it. Also, my approach is highly compartmentalized - even though I am fascinated by utterly contradictory modern styles, I turn around and do something that is simply anachronistic just because I am in the mood.

  • "I turn around and do something that is simply anachronistic just because I am in the mood." - William.

    [:)]

    a damn fine answer, William!

    I suppose this is really the way things are going -- people simply discovering, through trial and error, or personal interest, something that is productive for them. That, in itself, makes our time somewhat unique. But I do find it very interesting that the most widely applied sort of "structure" (if you can call it that) is drone... And for no better reason than a personal tendency, I'm still very much driven by the idea of creating a synthesis of these different forces in my musical/theoretical/harmonic life.
    I am curious about this idea of microtonallity, as well... Is this through Ligeti? Can you sum it up, or give me a general outline? Links? Articles?

    cheers,

    J.

  • Actually my interest in microtonality comes from performances, rather than any theoretical writings, including Ligetti even though he didn't score it in his Lux Aeterna or Lontano or Atmospheres (using his so-called micropolyphony instead) - but on hearing the performances one definitely detects microtonality. It is impossible to perform these pieces without becoming microtonal. The musicians cannot hold the pitches.

    But also, I love out-of-tune ensembles. I have heard some sounds beyond anything normal from them and want to incorporate this into deliberately composed pieces. I've noticed how much I enjoyed de-tuning the tempered perfection of samples, but also how a triad that is detuned is a new musical entity. This of course is nothing new in theory, but hearing it in this context is very interesting.

  • I was lucky enough to have been able to pour over Ligeti's Requiem conductor's score in university. What a massive score too!!! All of the lines are sub-divided beyond reason. Each instrument plays a quick repeating line except that each line is a quarter tone apart so the end result is a sound wash where there is no longer a key centre or even the perception of a singular harmonic entity. Fascinating stuff really.

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    @jbm said:

    Also, don't be so pedantic about "vertical" and "horizontal" composition. You know what dcoscina meant... (or at least you should, with your level of knowledge)... again, it seems you're just being kind of rude.
    Oh. Sorry. I hate it when I sound pedantic. lol.

    Yeah, dcoscina, sorry about sounding pedantic. Yes I knew what you meant. I also, just didn't explain what I was saying very well either. Not sure I can right now either, it's even later! [[:|]] But, "whatever that guy said" will do fine for now! [:D]

    Evan Evans

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    @Another User said:

    Please be more specific about Glass masterpieces. I´m really curious now.
    Ok, sure. There are at least 3 pieces. Only one of them I can recall at the moment. Let me see if I can find it. It's kind of obscure (of course). ..... searching my HUUUUUUUUUGE iTunes library .... .... ... ...

    continued below:

  • continued from above:

    "Changing Opinion" Songs From Liquid Days
    This one is not necessarily the best arrangement or orchestration, but the composition is eons ahead of it's time. And it must be taken 100% with the lyrics, as a film score can only be appreciated with the film. The singing style is very bizarre. It mixes an operatic alto in a folk way. But at the same time the form is more advanced than typical song, and in fact it's over 10 minutes long. Ultimately the whole song is about a hum coming from a refrigerator. God damned. It's pure art. And fantastic. A real unique work of art. The mix of minor and major at key points, and then the juxtaposition of pure piano with extremes of brass is also very unique. It's genius is in how song like it is, and yet how so many elements of advanced melody, rhythm, and form are able to stretch any current notions of what a song is really, and what words really mean if anything. It's a kind of "Sixth Sense" in music. A song that turns itself inside out on itself.

    "Knee Play 5" Glass Masters (Disc 3)
    This uses singers singing numbers, which count off the meter beats of each odd meter that goes by, with some numbers dropping in and out. Than there is some plain talk in whisper. Also with the counting numbers which are pecking out various chords, is a faint warm organ type sound. If this isn't ahead of it's time I don't know what is. But for now, I don't know of anyone who would like to listen to it. it's VERY intellectual. However, in the future humans will be ready for it. It needs a more evolved brain to get into it. It's not feeling music at all, although it is hypnotic. But then again so is a lecture on coronary artery bypass precedure and protocol. I'm sure Einstein would have found it completely fascinating. It also reminds me of the Glenn Gould work which is just people talking. This one is quite a piece of art. Whether it's annoying or not, it is an undeniable masterpiece of invention. On some levels it sounds trite, but it's way too conceptual to not be thought of that way. It's better to just drop the shackles of pretense, and think about what is really being presented, and try to decode it with your advanced mind. It's like listening to a Rubix cube. There is a middle section that has some ordinary conversation spoken almost sarcastically, or at least without emotion. It makes fun of society, it belittles ordinariness. It makes the simple epic. The bizarre is a part of all of us it tries to say.

    I also think that this one is worth preserving for the annals of time:

    "Akhnaten's Hymn to the Aten," Akhnaten, Act II; iv 13:40
    It is very organic. And one of the more musically pleasing of his compositions. I suspect though that unless you enjoy listening to Ives you won't like this, unless you can enjoy the colors.

    Also this one is classic, and almost beyond the capabilities of humans to perform:

    "Spaceship: Einstein on the Beach", Act IV

    Evan Evans

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    @William said:

    My reaction is, if a person could create something so pretentious, insulting and just plain bad ... how can you accept anything else? If someone is a murderer, does it matter that they also regularly bathe?
    A good example is John Nash, popularized in the film "A Beautiful Mind". He really struggled with making any appreciated contribution to math or science. Many laughed at him. He spent much of his life coming up with bizarre theorems that no one cared for. He did however come up with a significant contribution, and to ignore it is to be ignorant and having the potential to fail if your field requires his idea. Even after he completed this one small contribution to science, he went on making further attempts at further bizarre theorems, still many of which are taken with a BIG grain of salt. He still works today, and puts out banal theorems and postulates.

    I think Philip Glass is the same way. And I think there are plenty of people who can't control their mind the way most people do, who although they consistently do not "fit in", they can have MORE potential than the typical human being to introduce something that can break barriers and new frontiers, either while they are alive or many eons later.

    Evan Evans

  • dcoscina

    Okay back to the Goldsmith - Williams comparison. Yes I'm familiar with John Williams music. In fact "Soundings" which is a purely orchestral piece written for the openening of Disney Hall should be a good example of pure composition I think you would agree. Yes it did contain some quartel harmonies, clusters and non diatonic motif's and phrases. In fact it was typical John Williams in that respect. Well it just sounded like bad film music. It was a hogepodge of various ideas stitiched together with seams showing everywhere. I can't imagine Goildsmith coming up with anything so lacking.

    My original point is that Goldsmith is one of those rare composers that has the weight and gravity in his music that is found in "serious" (I use the term scientifically, not as a slight.) Alex North (my personal favoritie - and Goldsmiths btw) certainly falls into the same categorie.

    I am for more mystefied by JG than JW. Perhaps you are the reverse and that's why the world goes around. You obviously know your music well (by reading your comments.)

    Dave Connor

  • I agree that WIlliams concert works aren't as solid as his film scores. It's clear that he's used to working with a solidified narrative and consequently he's inspired by them.

    Goldenthal is another interesting beast. I find his film scores and concert works are uniformly quite good. I don't care for BAtman Forever mind you, but COBB, GOLDEN GATE, INTERVIEW WITH THE VAMPIRE, ALIEN3 (a classic) and even TITUS are pretty great. Any thoughts?