I ran your test, also hitting play.....using 10.5 on mavericks...and it does not crash.
I'm not meaning to challenge your assertion by the way, clearly something is broken, just trying to provide information that may help.
The OSX and LogicPro universe is complex with lots of different things going on..it could very well be that this only happens when using LogicPro 10.5 and only on Catalina, because the 10.5 version of LogicPro may be using something under the covers when run under Catalina (that its not using when run under Mojave) which is incompatible with MirPro. If I had to guess it would be Metal vs OpenGL related, but that is a wild guess.