I finally got VI recognizing my libraries (well, at least the three instruments I was testing with - I presume the rest will be no problem either). I ended up completely reformatting my primary disk and reinstalling Windows 7 from scratch (before I had just re-installed on top of the previous installation). After that, I installed the eLicenser software and VI, and it worked! I added my audio card drivers and USB keyboard, and it's still doing fine. As to why only a reformatting and reinstall worked... I can't even begin to guess. I'm going to begin re-adding components and getting the entire system updated.
Samuel, I know it's a pretty crappy suggestion, but you may wish to try a complete reformat and reinstall of Windows as well. I'd recommend installing ONLY what's needed to get the Vienna software working, and then update your system one piece at a time, verifying Vienna is still working after each step - that's exactly what I'm doing right now. It's worth a shot if nothing else is working. I wish you the best of luck getting things working again.