Alright. We put an RME HDSPe card into the Mac Pro, connected to an RME Multiface. The MOTU 2408mkII is completely out of the picture at this point.
With the RME card I am getting the same results with CPU overload as with the MOTU card. So, it's save to assume that this is not audio card driver related, as the behavior is the same with two different audio cards.
What seems to be happening though is that as long as Logic also functions as a ReWire host, we are having these issues. If ReWire is taken out of the picture, Logic will spread the CPU load evenly and I am fine creating a large number of convolution reverb instances. I have stopped at setting up 6 instances, as that was way more than what I got with Logic functioning as a ReWire host. Even with 6 instances, the load was way below using a third of what the system seems to be able to handle.
All this points at a significant issue when Logic operates as a ReWire host and audio is present on the ReWire channels. At that point Logic seems to be switching almost all processing to a single CPU (indicated in the Logic meter, not the system CPU meters), which obviously starts overloading the system.
Unless someone has a solution for this issue, it seems that ReWire with Logic significantly impairs the use of processor intensive plug-ins, at least in version 8.