Okay Dietz, good point.
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@dpcon said:
01. Set the track fader
Set all track faders with a sample playback software to -6.0 dB.
Does this mean for example if I have and aux in my DAW that is bringing in audio from an outboard cpu that I set it to -6.0? Or do I set the output faders in the outboard cpu of host Plogue Bidule to -06? Would you explain this step more and where it applies?
Very simple, here the Buss-send are at zero, the Aux-Send faders are at zero. The Input gain of the outgear processors is at zero. This will keep the loudness unchanged, that way I know where the levels are and do not loose the overview. Then the Aux-Return fader is used to mix/balance the processed sound. Of course that not a gospel.
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Setting up a standard, serves the purpose of keeping the overview over the large amount of audio data we are confronted with when working with music production software. This data consist of loudness, dynamics, knowing how much headroom is available, the gain structure etc..
Or said the other way around, it is to prevent that we get completly lost in chaos.
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Hey Angelo, thanks a lot for these hints, which helped me a lot!
Unfortuneatly my knowledge is not at the standard of the rest of you guys, so thereĀ“s one thing, I still donĀ“t understand:
LetĀ“s say I have a real orchestra playing a tutti stacc. chord and this would be at 0.01 dB Peak.
If I play the same tutti with the volume setup, you proposed, it should be the same, if I got U right.
But in my ears some of the VSL patches are much too loud compared to others, which means, I have to lower their levels. If I do so, the peak should not stay at 0.01 dB.
So shouldnĀ“t I first find a ballance for my instruments, then play a stacc tutti and then change all volume faders together, till the tutti reaches a 0.01 dB Peak?
Sorry, if this was explained before, but I couldnĀ“t find an answer here, I was able to understand.
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LetĀ“s say I have a real orchestra playing a tutti stacc. chord and this would be at 0.01 dB Peak.
If I play the same tutti with the volume setup, you proposed, it should be the same, if I got U right.
Yes, should be the same. When you play your 0.01 dB Peak orchestra tutti from a CD on a audio track, this with the fader at zero, and the same chord you recorded on MIDI tracks and calibrated the same tutti to 0.01 dB then it will play back with the same loudness. Somehow logic, isn't it.
But what you say is exactly what is worth doing for some tests; for example analyzing some very good recordings, and compare the overall dynamics and the loudness structures with dofferent recording, and possibly with the virtual VSL version, or your original composition.
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I. The total dynamic range
03. Absolute maximum loudness - staccato
Play a tutti chord where all instruments play a staccato ff sample with a velocity of 127. This will produce the maximum loudness possible. The master fader will not clip, but may raise to 0.01 dB Peak.
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Now my stupidity got even worse, cause now I got two questions:
1. I thought a staccato ff tutti should bring the fader to 0.01 dB???
2. But no matter, which headroom I should get, the question stays, why I donĀ“t need to balance my instruments before. If IĀ“m right, the volumes of the single patches are optimized and not all ballanced in relation to eachother. This means, that I have to turn down the volume of e.g. the solo violin, cause otherwise IĀ“d get the unrealistic situation, that one single violin plays as loud as the other 16 ones.
But if I lower the volume of single instruments, donĀ“t I also lower the overall volume, so that after some balancing action my headroom gets bigger (e.g. -20 dB instead of -12 dB)?
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But in my ears some of the VSL patches are much too loud compared to others, which means, I have to lower their levels. If I do so, the peak should not stay at 0.01 dB.
VSL patches have an uniform loudness structure thru out the whole library.
If you feel that the loudness of a VSL patches is too high, then simply reduce the level of this patch, possibly best with the fader, this way you always see the changes in level on the upper most GUI level when you are on the mixer window. That keeps your visual control intact and information access is fast.
The idea of working in a controllable environment is, to have fast access to information about levels, loudness, gain, sends, returns, aux and buss, and this on the upper most GUI. The rudiculous high production standard of the VSL patches with their uniform level structure, almost dictates such an environment.
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2. But no matter, which headroom I should get, the question stays, why I donĀ“t need to balance my instruments before. If IĀ“m right, the volumes of the single patches are optimized and not all ballanced in relation to each other. This means, that I have to turn down the volume of e.g. the solo violin, cause otherwise IĀ“d get the unrealistic situation, that one single violin plays as loud as the other 16 ones.
But if I lower the volume of single instruments, donĀ“t I also lower the overall volume, so that after some balancing action my headroom gets bigger (e.g. -20 dB instead of -12 dB)?
Letās assume for a moment that we set the headroom to 20 dB instead of 12 dB, this by pulling the fader to -14 dB. Then play a ff tutti chord with MIDI velocities of 127 tiggering only ff layers. This chord will not produce a loudness who reaches 0.01 dB peak on the stereo master, the headroom is just to big. But using 20 dB headroom is a good idea, and is the circa headroom I have, no matter what sort of music is recorded.
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Felix...
We we can change headroom withhin a few seconds, this by simply pulling all the faders to a desired value. And this without loosing your reference gain stages, and calibrated monitoring.
I often chose a headroom of -12.0 dB for pop music. or 16dB for broadcast sound. Or when an additional, later added instrument clips the master, then I just pull all faders back by 0.1 dB or whatever value necessary, this will avoid that the stereo master clips again throughout the whole track.
You can change the headroom at any time during production, this in both direction. Enlarge the headroom in case the headroom is used up, or reduce the headroom in case he too big.
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VII. Wide Range Dynamic Test File
This is recording of an orchestra work, and the dynamic range of nearly 50 dB. The composition is called "Sunrise," and can be downladed, see link in the next post.
The exact dynamic range of āSunriseā is:
-49.26 dB RMS at start of the audio file
-43.71 dB RMS at ppp timpani roll
-56.32 dB RMS minimum when music present
-01.14 dB Peak maximum loudness at the final
This composition is ideal to demonstrate how wide the dynamics can be in a orchestra recording, but it is not the widest dynamic range ever recorded to CD.
The first half of the five minute are around -44.0 dB RMS to -34.0 dB RMS. Notew,, a sample patch from VSL can reproduce 29.5 dB RMS of dynamics. The second half continually increases the loudness to the final climax.
The overall dynamics from the beginning to the end of this work has some similarities to Ravel's "Bolero," soft at the beginning and getting continously louder towards the final.
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"Sunrise"
Sunrise_master_5mn25s_44.1k.wav
Download Link:
http://vsl.co.at/upload/users/57/Sunrise_master_5mn25s_44.1k.wav
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"Sunrise_master_5mn25s_44.1k.wav"
Please give the file a critical listening before blatantly, bombastic blathering.
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If anyone is interested in making VSL sound like a virtual orchestra as ordained by the priesthood of the Knights Template, please renounce all other musicianship and artistic paganism as you are baptized into the promise of eternal creativity.
Sorry, couldn't resist [[;)]]
Clark
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Ah, yes, the impetuosity of youth. I remember my University students as well. I wouldn't trade those days for anything, though.
I'm glad you don't mind me playing the devil's advocate; aside from my own personal viewpoint born of my own experience and the experience of many other professionals, this keeps us all from being indifferent! Healthier than the alternative.
So "I'll say Tomato..."
Clark
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@mathis said:
In my template I was more concerned about the relative ff levels. So trumpets double loudness than horns. horns double loudness than strings and woodwinds. But I didn't set these levels by numbers but by ear.
On the other hand, since all instruments can play more or less equally soft the midi programming doesn't translate automatically between the instruments. I think about applying input filters to the individual instruments so instrument programming can be moved around freely without adaptation.
Angelo, you don't mention relative levels. How did you set these up?
Yes, this is the big question for me, too. I'm mostly concerned with relative levels - basically, in the sense of making 4 Horns fff distinctly mask out 1 solo violin fff...
Great work, though, Angelo! Thanks for sharing.
J.
I haven't read this entire post yet, so somebody might have already addressed this, but I hope this will help:
First, turning line volume up by 3db will double the signal's level, however the percieved loudness will not go up that much. This is due to the fact that volume is logarithmic and not linear. It would follow, then, that taking the line down 3db will halve the signal, but will not sound half as loud. So.. to double the percieved loudness of an instrument, you're going to have to increase the line volume by 10 phons (10db @ 1000Hz). Another way of thinking about it is that it would take 10 violins to double the loudness of just one.
This is why there is a need to create a standard template and gainstage everything correctly from the beginning, because you are going to need a good amount of headroom to give the perception of a realistic dynamic range.
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(... moved over from the "Critics"-Thread for better logical coherency of the two threads - /Dietz)
Okay experts, back to the topic of dynamics in digital recording.
Digital signal processing need a lot of bits, but the signal itself has a limited dynamic range. Given that each bit is about 6dB of dynamics, a real 24 bits would mean 144dB dynamic range. But there is no such a thing as 144dB dynamic range in a 24-bit recording. The best analog circuits can not be that sober, not even to mention AD and DA converting yet.
A true 20 bit un-weighted is fabulous, and a 21-bit is state of the art. The bottleneck for noise is the microphone and the input stage of a microphone pre-amp. The lower few bits of a 24 bit digital audio are just bouncing up and down between 0ās and 1ās in a random fashion.
The available dynamic range for various gain settings are:
122 dB dynamic range at 21 dB micpre gain
111 dB dynamic range at 40 dB gain setting
91 dB dynamic range at 60 dB gain setting
The above numbers are state of the art numbers. What it says is importent to note:
You have 20+ bits noise floor at micpre gain of 21 dB
You have 18+ bits noise floor at micpre gain of 40 dB
You have 15+ bits noise floor at micpre gain of 60 dB
... and all that before we even start talking fingers on a string.
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So, what do you think is the available dynamic range when we compose and produce with the VSL library?
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/Dietz - Vienna Symphonic Library -
@audiocure said:
First, turning line volume up by 3db will double the signal's level, however the percieved loudness will not go up that much. This is due to the fact that volume is logarithmic and not linear. It would follow, then, that taking the line down 3db will halve the signal, but will not sound half as loud.
Just to quickly correct that: 3dB doubles the power in acoustic, but 6dB doubles the electronic level of a signal. So replace your 3dB with 6dB.
Logarithmic volume..... yes, that is true and the unit Decibel already covers that. But that we don't percieve a doubled level of the electronic signal as doubled Loudness is again another biest and not simply explained with linear/logarithmic.
